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The Trans-Caspian International Transport Route (TITR) runs through China, Kazakhstan, the Caspian Sea, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkey and further through the Black Sea to Europe. The TITR is a multimodal route that involves two modes of transport: rail and sea.
An article by Ranking.kz analyses the reasons and consequences of increasing railway transportation tariffs in Kazakhstan, examining their necessity for infrastructure modernisation and potential impact on the economy