The article considers the current state of the transport infrastructure of the Republic of Kazakhstan, its integration into the international network, and also notes the further development of the transport and logistics infrastructure as a catalyst for the economy.
Trade continues to be the least problematic aspect of the EU-China economic relationship. The BRI offers potential trade gains for Europe by improving physical connectivity with countries along the route to China, but it also poses challenges for the EU. While Chinese investment in Europe is growing and has focused strongly on technology, it raises the question of whether the EU should fear losing its technological edge, especially when Chinese state-owned companies might distort competition through foreign acquisitions.