China-EU rail freight volumes on the main Eurasian corridor fell by 48% in the first semester of 2023, back to the pre-pandemic level of 2019.

The trade relationship between China and the US has been deteriorating, a trend that began during the Trump administration and has continued under Biden. While the EU has been more cautious in its approach, its patience with China’s trade practices is wearing thin, leading to potential further strain in the trade relationship between China and the West.