The outlook for the global economy has slightly improved since the WTO’s most recent trade forecast was issued in October of last year but the pace of trade expansion in 2023 is still expected to be subpar, weighed down by the ongoing conflict in Ukraine, stubbornly high inflation, tighter monetary policy and financial uncertainty.

The Roscongress Foundation study presents the main areas of cooperation between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan in the economic, humanitarian interaction and in the geopolitical arena.