The national economy recovered steadily, employment and living standards were ensured forcefully, and the main goals and tasks of economic and social development were accomplished better than expectation. GDP was 101,598.6 billion yuan in 2020, an increase of 2.3 percent over last year.

This piece presents updated insights from a research chapter I authored entitled “China and the European Union: more partners than rivals?” that was published in Routledge’s book “China and Eurasian Powers in a Multipolar World Order 2.0 Security, Diplomacy, Economy and Cyberspace” in March 2023. The article offers a comprehensive analysis of the ever-changing geopolitical dynamics between China and the EU, taking into account the influence of the U.S. approach.